The Effect of the Repair Patch on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Wing with the Leading Edge Icing


Аuthors

Kalyulin S. L.*, Cherepanov I. E.**, Modorskii V. Y.***

Perm National Research Polytechnic University, PNRPU, 29, Komsomolsky Prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia

*e-mail: ksl@pstu.ru
**e-mail: cherepanovie@sbiw.ru
***e-mail: modorsky@pstu.ru

Abstract

Optimization approach to the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) allows achieving the most profitable weight-and-size and aerodynamic characteristics. Both genetic and gradient algorithms, neuron networks, topological and parametric optimization are being used herewith.
The UAV universality enhancement allows expanding areas and scenarios of their application. The UAV structure proposed in this article was being fabricated with additive technologies application from the polymer composite material, namely polyamide with the carbon fiber particles. In contrast to laser cutting of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic plates, manufactured by the prepreg technology, this technology for the multi-rotor type frames manufacturing allows producing reinforcement ribs and the UAV case protection from the external impact. Concurrently with this, the frame should be rather simple for assembling, manufacturable for the batch production and competitive in the market.
The purpose of the presented article consists in developing the multi-rotor type UAV load-bearing structure from the polymer composite materials, adapted for fabrication by the additive technologies, possessing icing protection and designed base on the optimization approach with operational loads imitation.
The frame structure contains beams reinforce by the reinforcement ribs. The case-shaped parts have closed reinforced contour over their perimeter, protecting from external meteorological conditions, including rain, snow, ice rain and ultraviolet.
Application of the optimization approach based on the IOSO PM domestic software for multi-criteria multi-parameter optimization allowed performing 480 computations of the stressed-deformed state with the operational load imitation for various geometric parameters of the UAV load-bearing frame structure. From the optimization results, the weight of the structure was reduced by 18%, deflection while loading in the UAV longitudinal plane halved, and deflection in while loading in the UAV transverse decreased by 1.4 times.
Numerical modeling of icing of the UAV load-bearing frame optimal from the viewpoint of the weight-and-rigid characteristics of the structure was performed for the two modes, namely hoarfrost and ice rain. It was revealed that icing of the internal zones of the frame, where elements of electronics located, did not occur. The front fairing of the base casing is most susceptible to ice formation. The shape of the ice coating herewith is equidistant to the fairing shape, which unessentially affects the aerodynamic quality degradation of the load-bearing structure.
Application of additive technologies while the UAV load-bearing frame manufacturing allows integrating the anti-icing system during the printing process to reduce the ice bodies growth while operation under winter conditions.

Keywords:

wing with icing of the leading edge in the flow, wing with icing of the leading edge and repair patch in the flow, wing with icing of the leading edge and repair patch at landing and pre-landing angles of attack with retracted and extended mechanization

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