Friction and surface phenomena when stamping hard-deformable alloys

Аuthors

Bespalov A. V.^*, Petrov A. P.^**, Sokolov A. V.^***

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 4, Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, А-80, GSP-3, 125993, Russia

*e-mail: bespalovav@mati.ru
**e-mail: petrovap@mati.ru
***e-mail: sokolovav@mati.ru

Abstract

This work considers the issues of friction (dry, boundary, liquid) effect on the hot die forging process. It reveals the main sources of frictional forces formation.

High temperatures, pressure and permanent renewal of one of the friction deformable metal surfaces being in the plastic state characterize the external friction during the hot die forging. In the course of stamping, as the die fills, the surface area to body volume ratio is increasing. The destruction of oxide films thereupon on the surface of wrought workpieces and the outcome of the non-oxidized metal particles from them occurs. This event facilitates the development of the forces of intermolecular gripping of the wrought workpiece and the tool. The stainless steel, aluminum and titanium alloys are especially prone to sticking to the tool. Thus, their stamping is always carried out with lubrication.

In most cases, the friction at contact surfaces while stamping occurs together with intervening and isolation mediums (oxide scale, oxides, lubricant etc.). Thus, the interaction of lubricants with surface-active substances while stamping becomes of particular importance.

The types of lubricants, their composition and the additives effect on the difficult-to-form alloys of low-plasticity processing are considered.

The mechanism of action of surface-active substances in conditions of stamping and formation of plasticized surface layer with ultra-fine-grained and nano-sized structure was analyzed.

The article analyzed the results of leading Soviet and Russian scientists' studies in the field of nanostructured state forming in the surface layer of the material.

Based of the conducted analysis, we can state that the nano-structuring of the workpieces' surface, including pressure shaping, while applying surface-active substances, leads not only to the obtained semi-finished products' mechanical properties substantial improvement, but also to a significant improvement of their technological properties during the subsequent hot deformation, such as stamping. Thus, the compelling for the production possibility of difficult-to-form materials' super-plasticity deformation under lower temperatures and higher speeds of not only volume nano-structured workpieces, but also the workpieces with nano- structured surface is created.

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Keywords:

difficult-to-form alloys, die forging, surface-active substance, nanostructured material, contact surface

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