Sial interlaminar strength estimation based on the results of the samples’ three-point bending tests

Metallurgy and Material Science

Material science


Аuthors

Antipov V. V.1*, Prokudin O. A.2**, Lurie S. A.3***, Serebrennikova N. Y.1****, Solyaev Y. O.4*****

1. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials. State Research Center of the Russian Federation, 17, Radio str., Moscow, 105005, Russia
2. Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 4, Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, А-80, GSP-3, 125993, Russia
3. Institute of Applied Mechanics of Russian Academy of Science, IAM RAS, 32a, Leninskii av., Moscow, В-334, GSP-1, 119991, Russia
4. Institute of Applied Mechanics of Russian Academy of Science, IPRIM RAS, 7, Leningradskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 125040, Russia

*e-mail: antipovvv@viam.ru
**e-mail: Prokudin_7713@mail.ru
***e-mail: salurie@mail.ru
****e-mail: serebrennikova-viam@mail.ru
*****e-mail: yos@iam.ras.ru

Abstract

Laminated aluminum-glass plastics (GLARE, SIAL) are promising structural materials for application while aircraft structural elements manufacturing These composite materials represent layered panels formed by thin layers of fiberglass and aluminum alloy. Compared with metals, SIALs possess increased specific strength, long-term strength and fire resistance. Studying the dependence of SIALs mechanical properties on the parameters of their reinforcement is an important task, which solution is necessary for the structures’ design and strength computation. One of the important characteristic, determining the SIALs structural properties, as well as the other composite materials, is interlaminar strength.

The samples testing on the three-point bending by the “short beam” technique is one of the simplest techniques for determining the interlayer strength of composite materials. This method is widely used in composite structures research and development, since it does not require the application of complex experimental equipment and strain gauges. At the same time, the interlayer strength is an important parameter from the designing viewpoint, as it is used in formulating the strength criteria of composite materials The interlaminar cracks occurrence may lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity of structural elements, and further to their destruction, for example, by the local buckling mechanism.

However, such a simple method as testing on three-point bending holds certain disadvantages associated primarily with the fact that during such tests a complicated stress state is realized in the samples, that is, not only the interlaminar shear stresses occur, but the also tensile / compressive stresses arise as well, leading to errors in determining the materials characteristics. Besides the above mentioned errors associated with non-uniform tensed-state of the samples, the complexity, occurring while samples testing on the interlaminar shear, consists in the fact that the interlaminar strength being determined while testing proves to be not a constant of the material, but it depends on the distance between the supports. This problem is known both for conventional composite materials and for metal-polymer composites. It is explained by a decrease in the tangential stresses actually acting in short samples (according to the standards the samples relative elongation shoul be of 5 to 10), compared to the classic beams models. These models assume the constant value of the shearing force, and, correspondingly, constant values of tangential forces (up to sign) along the sample length. Thus, application of the traditional relation for estimating transversal shear stresses acting in a beam, according to the formula 3 P / (4 b h), leads to the increase in the apparent interlayer strength of the material. Besides, the sample length impact on the results of the tests on the interlaminar strength is explained by:

1)    Stress concentration nearby the supports;

2)   Statistical dependence of strength on the sample size;

3)   The interlaminar cracks occurrence not on the neutral axis of the sample and

4)   Special dependence of interlayer strength on the parameters of fracture mechanics.

The article proposes a scheme for SIAL testing on the interlaminar shear strength by the short beam technique. These tests employ the samples with the large number of layers and unidirectional reinforcement scheme, which allows reduce the error of experiments while employing the standard equipment. The samples apparent interlaminar strength, depending on the distance between the supports, was determined by the results of the tests. Based on the calculations, the accordance of the obtained experimental data and theoretical estimates is demonstrated. The calculated SIAL interlayer strength value was of ~ 60 MPa, which corresponds to the typical interlayer strength of polymer composites. However, while testing the destruction was being realized at the contact boundary of metal and composite layers, which allows affirm that the found interlayer strength value is a characteristic of the metal / composite contact.

Keywords:

GLARE, three-point bending, short beam, interlaminar strength

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