Studying isostatic pressing of samples being produced by the slm method for new components manufacturing of the combustion chamber housing

Machine-building Engineering and Machine Science

Mechanical engineering technology


DOI: 10.34759/vst-2021-1-161-174

Аuthors

Rasulov Z. N.1*, Kalugina M. S.1**, Remshev E. Y.1***, Afim’in G. O.1****, Avetisyan A. R.2*****, Elfimov P. V.2******

1. Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH ” named after D.F. Ustinov, 1, 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya str., Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia
2. AERO, 16A, of. 22N, Syzranskaya str., Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russia

*e-mail: tankaevz@mail.ru
**e-mail: mash-kalugin@yandex.ru
***e-mail: Remshev@mail.ru
****e-mail: grisha.afimin@mail.ru
*****e-mail: Labmetcontrol@inbox.ru
******e-mail: Labmetcontrol@inbox.ru

Abstract

Escalating requirements to the new products characteristics are associated with improvements in design, which in its turn leads to the need of new materials and technologies developing for parts manufacturing. The present-day materials allow substantial improvement of the products functional properties and required service life, but very often due to drastic increase in their cost. Thus, their properties would be employed most effectively while developing material-saving technologies for their preparation and processing. Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is one of the most effective technologies for metal products manufacturing without machining. A layer-by-layer application of metal powder of the specified grain-size composition on the forming-up platform and laser hatching of the current section according to the pre-developed CAD-model are performed while the installation operation. The process is being cyclically repeated until completion of the part forming process. To prevent oxidation, the synthesis process is performed in the sealed chamber in the inert gas medium.

The 3D-printing technology has a defect such as the structure porosity and unattainability of the required level of mechanical and operational properties. Anisotropy of properties is being observed in the products manufactured by the SLM technology. The key factor affecting the properties of the synthesized material is the presence of porosity, cracks and unmelted granules. With this regard, additive technologies application for the critical parts manufacturing is being complicated, and their full-scale implementation in high-tech industries is being retarded.

While products shaping the whole layer (current section) of the part is being divided into separate square-shaped fragments called «islets», each of which is fused by the laser. The fragments are being fused according to a predetermined algorithm, developed in such a way as to localize the internal stresses of the metal in a small area, which allows obtaining homogeneous and dense structure with minimum porosity. Argon was used as an inert medium. From the viewpoint of the process parameters optimization, it is necessary to achieve density of the part being synthesized close to 100% with maximum printing speed. Pores of the alloys obtained by the synthesis employing the SLM technology are of different nature, such as shrinkage pores formed due to incomplete cavities filling with liquid metal; gas, spherical pores, caused by the capture of gas in the bath melt at the excessive overmelting; as well as non-melted areas formed due to lack of energy for their fusion. The unmelted areas may have the shape of the structure discontinuities due to the laser power deficiency and irregular structural formations due to excessive scanning speed. The presence of large pores in the material herewith leads to degradation of the material strength characteristics.

The alloys were being subjected to the cold isostatic pressing on the specially developed installation for the porosity reduction.

The article presents the results of the studies of the impact on the size, pores number and alloys structure of the cold isostatic pressing of the samples fabricated from the heat-resistant alloys, obtained by the selective laser melting technique of metal powders. It demonstrates that cold isostatic pressing application with the SLM-alloys allows substantial (about twice) reduction in pores size and number. The effect of the 316L SLM-alloy hardening manifesting in the hardness increase of the surface layer at the room temperature was revealed.

Keywords:

selective laser fusion, additive manufacturing, cold isostatic pressing, hot isostatic pressing, high-chromium heat-resistant alloys

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