Specifics of propeller and super-high aspect ratio wing interference in non-uniform flow

Aeronautical and Space-Rocket Engineering

Aerodynamics and heat-exchange processes in flying vehicles


DOI: 10.34759/vst-2021-2-7-19

Аuthors

Vinogradov O. N.1*, Kornushenko A. V.1, Pavlenko O. V.1**, Petrov A. V.1, Pigusov E. A.1***, Trinh T. N.2

1. Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after N.E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI), 1, Zhukovsky str., Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, 140180, Russia
2. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9, Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701, Russia

*e-mail: oleg.vinogradov@tsagi.ru
**e-mail: olga.v.pavlenko@yandex.ru
***e-mail: evgeniy.pigusov@tsagi.ru

Abstract

In recent years, the research is being conducted on hybrid or fully electric power plant application on aerial vehicles of various classes without fundamental changes in their layout. However, new trends of modifications in the layout of the power plant with an air propeller emerge at the same time. For example, on the X-57 experimental aircraft the distributed power plant, consisted of small diameter propeller, is being employed at takeoff and landing, while propulsors, located at the tip sections of the aircraft wings, are being employed at the cruising mode. A number of computational and experimental works are dedicated to studying propeller slipstreams interaction in this aerodynamic layout, including favorable interference evaluation. The presented work is devoted to the numerical study of the interference of two-bladed tractor propeller and straight wing with super high aspect ratio of the solar battery aircraft in the non-uniform flow. The work was executed in accordance with the experimental work.

The studies were conducted with the ANSYS FLUENT program, based on the of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations solution, on a structured computational grid (about 20 million cells) with the k-ε-realizable turbulence model, with improved turbulence parameters modelling near the wall and with account for the pressure gradient impact. Computations were performed at the flow velocity of 25 m/s and 50 m/s and Reynolds numbers Re = 0.17 and 0.35·106. The angles of attack in the computation were being varied from 1° to 7° at the zero sideslip angle. Three aircraft configurations were considered: without propellers, as well as with running propellers with diameters of 0.22 m and 0.33 m. The rotation speed of the two-bladed pulling propeller as fixed for both options, and it was N = 15000 rpm. The presented work regarded symmetric rotation of the propellers at the wingtips in the fuselage direction.

Numerical studies of the interference between the propellers and the high aspect ratio wing revealed that the propeller diameter significantly affects the flow-around and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft of this configuration. Installation of the propeller leads to a decrease in the lift in the range of cruising angles of attack under study, the pitch moment herewith increases by nosing-up. The induced drag increases with the angle of attack increasing, while the propeller rotation enhances the nonlinearity of the Сxai (α) dependence at the incoming flow velocity of 25 m/s. The article demonstrates that the induced drag reduces depending on the propeller diameter, since the propeller rotation (in this case in the same direction, as the vortex behind the engine nacelle), introduces perturbation into flow-around, and straightens the flow behind the wing. With the propeller diameter increase, the dependence of the relative circulation over the wingspan moves away from the elliptical kind, and the incoming flow speed increasing only strengthens this difference.

Keywords:

puller propeller, propeller interference, super-high aspect ratio wing

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