Practice of Aircraft Structures Health Monitoring During Vibration Testing

Aeronautical and Space-Rocket Engineering


Аuthors

Berns V. A.1*, Zhukov E. P.1**, Lakiza P. A.1***, Dushukhin D. O.1****, Shkoda A. V.2*****, Rais K. Y.3******

1. Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute named after S.A. Chaplygin, 21, Polzunov St., Novosibirsk, 630051, Russia
2. Experimental Design Bureau "Sukhoi", 23B, Polikarpov str., p/b 604, Moscow, 125284, Russia
3. Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20, prospect Karla Marksa, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia

*e-mail: v.berns@yandex.ru
**e-mail: zhukove@sibnia.ru
***e-mail: qinterfly@gmail.com
****e-mail: n9607907771@yandex.ru
*****e-mail: a.shkoda@list.ru
******e-mail: rayskirill@gmail.com

Abstract

Vibration-based structural health monitoring methods are widely employed in mechanical engineering. These methods could be divided into the three categories. Methods for defects detecting by parameters changing of the natural oscillations current may be related to the first one. However, in many cases even relatively serious damage does not necessarily lead to significant changes in the natural oscillations frequencies and shapes. Moreover, modal parameters are integral characteristics, while position and size of a defect are differential ones. All this hampers with unequivocal defect identification.
The second group consists of the defects identifying methods (such as cracks) by measuring propagation parameters of the elastic waves in the product. Although, if there are multiple holes and notches in the structure, as well as other irregularities, application of such methods is rather complicated.
The third group of methods is based on identifying nonlinearities in oscillations of mechanical systems, which may be considered as the consequence of the defects presence. Practical application of the aforementioned methods is constrained by the utilization of virtual and laboratory test results of simple enough structures.
Nonlinear properties occurrence of a mechanical system, which were not foreseen at the stage of its design, may be the consequence of its structural, technological or in-service defect. The article enunciates the practice of damage detecting based on the nonlinear distortions. The results of diagnostics are backlashes in mechanical control wiring of airplanes, gaps in the links of units, structures integrity violation, and increased dry friction in movable joints. Expertise of defects may be conducted on both qualitative and quantitative estimation levels of one or several defects.
To control defects while ground vibration testing, a subprogram for oscillations portraits analyzing was introduced to the software. This program tool allows monitoring defects occurrence both while testing and the structure operation by comparing distortion parameters for various states of a product. The article presents the results of this program application for aircraft diagnosing by the results of ground modal tests.
The presented results of defects diagnosing during modal tests demonstrate the possibility of detecting elements with gaps or increased friction in the bulky built-up structures by the vibration tests. If suspicion arises herewith on the inadmissible defect presence, other health monitoring methods may be employed. The considered examples describe the cases when the vibrational diagnostics results are being confirmed by the extra tests results.
The technique is applicable for health monitoring of the objects subjected to the tests on harmonic vibration impact. There is no need herewith in employing additional equipment as well as drastically changing the program of testing. The method enables to observe changes in the state of a product during testing, as well as identify deflections of characteristics while testing of the single-type objects.

Keywords:

aircraft structures, vibration testing, health monitoring, damage identification, backlashes in control wiring, gaps in the units mating subassemblies, dry friction in movable joints

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