Analysis of the problems of creating hypersonic aircraft

Аuthors

Guseynov A. B.^1*, Trusov V. N.^2**, Polunin S. P.^2**

1. Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 4, Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, А-80, GSP-3, 125993, Russia
2. State Engineering Design Bureau “Raduga” named after AY Bereznyak, 2а, Zhukovskogo str., Dubna, Moscow region, 141980, Russia

*e-mail: a.b.guseynov@mail.ru
**e-mail: raduga@dubna.ru

Abstract

The article outlines the main trends of hypersonic technology development by example of carried out in the world researches. The analysis and synthesis of these problematic issues of hypersonic technology development in the field of high-speed aircraft (AC) shows:

• development of a rational integral aerodynamic layout of the airframe and propulsion system, which provides the aerodynamic quality necessary for implementing the specified performance characteristics, studies of the interaction between shock waves and boundary layer;
• development economy ramjet propulsion for cruising with hydrocarbon fuels: providing a supply and efficient fuel combustion in a supersonic flow, the introduction of new types of highly efficient hydrocarbon fuels;
• criation of effective thermal power design schemes and warm durable structure materials to work under aerodynamic heating T up to 1200 °С at the surface of the airframe at cruise speed M ≈ 6 at a height of flight about H ≈ 30 km and heating of the propulsion system (in chamber Т_с≈ 2500 °С).

Based on the analysis and synthesis of problematic issues in the work are offered for further study following the most preferred design solutions for the appearance of aircraft flying at altitudes H>30 km and at a speed of up to M ≈ 6:

• wingless aerodynamic design with a monocoque body and the air intake with a sub-screen;
• propulsion: solid rocket fuel (accelerators) and marching ramjet hydrocarbon fuels;
• thermally loaded airframe components (T > 1000 °С) and propulsion system of high-temperature composite materials «carbon-carbon», «carbon- silicon carbide» with antioxidant nano coatings for less thermally loaded structures (T = 600 ÷ 1000 °С) — high-temperature titanium, nickel alloys, niobium-based, heat-resistant coatings and special active cooling system.

In the world is given the highest priority to backlog development in scientific, technological, methodological aspects for hypersonic aircraft. In the next decade on this basis will be created high-speed devices for different applications. Among the leading foreign countries the most progress in the implementation have made of U.S. government programs Hyper-X, Hy Tech, X-51A, Hy Fly etc.

Keywords:

hypersonic technology integral aerodynamic layout, ramjet engine, heat load, construction materials

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