Combined system for electric power consumers protection against emergency states

Аuthors

Kuznetsov P. A.^*, Stepanov O. A.^**

Rybinsk State Aviation Technical University named after P.A. Soloviev, RSATU, 53, Pushkin St., Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region, 152934, Russia

*e-mail: kuznetsovpavel@inbox.ru
**e-mail: azratael@gmail.com

Abstract

The main issue of this article consists in analyzing the main electric network emergency states and to designing a protective system model, which is able to minimize or fully avoid their aftermath.

The results of failures analysis at various power plants and installations allowed separate out the basic types of emergency operating modes. They include sudden voltage dropouts, voltage waveform fluctuations (flickering), rolling blackouts and presence of significant reactive power abundance in a power grid. The rolling blackout presents the greatest danger due to its aftermath. The analysis of emergency modes occurrence revealed that most commonly they arise due to insignificant event, leading to avalanche-type emergency growth. This fact is reflected in the presented algorithm. Moreover, most commonly, these emergencies can be eliminated with the timely reaction of the personnel. However, as the practice indicates, these specified nonsignificant factors were ignored by maintenance staff.

Two-level of consumers' complex protection model for emergency elimination and its aftermath mitigation is suggested. Both parts are autonomous and can be set separately, or in conjunction. The first part of the system is responsible for the reactive power compensation in the power grid. It differs from the existing prototypes by smaller size, cost and asymmetric structure for reactive power compensation in wide range. The paper presents voltage and power balance graphs at the object before and after compensation. The presented data proves that implementation of such installations allows reduce rolling blackout occurrence probability.

The second part of the system represents from rolling blackout protection controller, which, in case of any power grid section overload, or voltage dropout, analyses the states of consumers and turns off those of lower priority. This helps avoiding entire system cascaded failure occurrence.

The presented system both as a whole and in separate parts presents interest for industrial electric energy consumers from the viewpoint of spoilage minimization occurring due to power grid failures.

Keywords:

rolling blackout, reactive power, reactive power compensation system, power grid protection

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