Problems of current and voltage high-order harmonics compensation in conditions of distributed generation

Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering complexes and systems


Аuthors

Sychev Y. A.*, Kuznetsov P. A.**, Zimin R. Y.***, Soloveva Y. A.****

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 2, Vasilevskii ostrov, 21st Line, Saint-Petersburg, 199106, Russia

*e-mail: sychev_yura@mail.ru
**e-mail: kuznetsovpavel@inbox.ru
***e-mail: roman.zimin@ro.ru
****e-mail: soio_94@mail.ru

Abstract

The main task of this article consists in improving parallel power active filters operation, with account for the networks with distributed generation specifics, and their operation processes modeling.

Micro-power grids, and the features of their control algorithms, have recently gained considerable attention in a wide range of research community. While the potential for increasing the efficiency, reliability and adaptability of the local grid is the most important motivation for their development, micro-energy systems, in turn, may be implemented to meet the growing demand for electric energy in numerous applications. Compared to the high-power energy systems, micro-energy systems can depend on non-inertial generators, such as photovoltaic batteries arrays, which are connected through inverters. Despite the lack of inertia and other micro-power grids properties, which cause certain difficulties in control, micro-energy systems are controlled better through new control laws, such as, those depending on distributed computations, rather than on centralized processors.

Thus, the distortions of the shapes of the current and voltage waveforms introduced by the high-order harmonic components from the nonlinear load can be supplemented by distortions from the sources of distributed generation and the units for their synchronization with the grid. Wind turbines are the most common renewable energy sources. So the parallel power active filters application is considered in the article for the purpose of compensation of the high-order harmonics, generated in association with their operation features. Currently, there are three most common types of wind generators:

1. Induction generators directly connected to the grid. It is an old concept with a mechanical transmission between the turbine and the generator. The generator operates in a rather narrow range of speeds (just above the synchronous one), the gearbox provides a more or less constant speed of the generator at highly differing wind speeds. The generator requires a considerable amount of reactive power, so often a capacitor bank is connected to it.

2. Synchronous generators with permanent magnets. Usually they are delivered in the kit with rectifiers and inverters. The generator is connected directly to the turbine, and it rotates at a low frequency. The generator is being excitated by magnets, and it is not regulated. The rectifier converts the generator voltage/current into DC. At constant voltage there is a capacitor (for smoothing pulsations and as a certain energy buffer). At the DC voltage side the bulk capacitor is present (for tripples smoothing and as an energy buffer). The DC voltage/current is converted thereafter into AC voltage/current by the inverter with 50 Hz frequency and specified characteristics. Everything is determined by the inverter control system. In fact, the rectifier-inverter is an original DC insertion (the like are employed at the borders between the countries, or for energy transmission over large distances).

3. Double fed induction generators. It is just an induction machine with a phase rotor. The stator of the machine is connected directly to the grid, and the rotor is connected via a rectifier-inverter.

It depends, on many respects, on the concrete case, how separate wind generators are combined into wind farms. However, interference is generated in any case, and an effective compensation system is necessary at each stage.

The parallel active filter circuit and developed mathematical model for the conditions of distributed generation and combined power supply were proposed. They allow efficiently compensate for various harmonic interferences in the grids with distributed generation due to the revealed dependence of the efficiency indices of high-order harmonics correction by the parallel active filter on the value of the supply grid internal resistance and the load node parameters.

Keywords:

active parallel filter, quality, electrical energy, harmonic, relay, distributed generation, combined, power supply

References

  1. Abramovich B.N., Sychev Yu.A. Zapiski Gornogo instituta, 2016, vol. 217, pp. 132-139.

  2. Abramovich B.N. Zapiski Gornogo instituta, 2018, vol. 229, pp. 31-40.

  3. Bose A. Smart transmission grid applications and their supporting infrastructure. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2010, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11-19. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2010.2044899

  4. Sumper A., Bagini A. Electrical energy efficiency: technologies and applications. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012, 434 p. DOI: 10.1002/9781119990048

  5. Short T.A. Distribution reliability and power quality. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2006, pp. 32-48.

  6. Khadkikar V., Varma R.K., Seethapathy R., Chandra A., Zeineldin H. Impact of distributed generation penetration on grid current harmonics considering non-linear loads. 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 25-28 June 2012, pp. 608 – 614.

  7. Litrбn S.P., Revuelta P.S., Prieto J., Vallйs A.P. Control strategy for an interface to improve the power quality at the connection of AC microgrids. International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ'14), Cordoba (Spain), Apr. 2014. DOI: 10.24084/repqj12.498

  8. Shevtsov D.A., Poletaev A.S. Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta, 2018, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 180-189.

  9. Lasseter R.H. Smart Distribution: Coupled Microgrids. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1074-1082. DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2011.2114630

  10. Golovanov N., Lazaroiu G.C., Roscia M., Zaninelli D. Power quality assessment in small scale renewable energy sources supplying distribution systems. Energies, 2013, no. 6, pp. 634-645. DOI: 10.3390/en6020634

  11. Khmel'nitskii Ya.A., Salina M.S., Kataev Yu.P. Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta, 2018, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 52-60.

  12. Abramovich B.N., Sychev Yu.A., Medvedev A.V., Starostin V.V., Abolemov E.N., Polishchuk V.V. Promyshlennaya energetika, 2008, no. 10, pp. 42-46.

  13. Abramovich B.N., Sychev Yu.A., Medvedev A.V., Starostin V.V., Abolemov E.N., Polishchuk V.V. Neftyanoe khozyaistvo, 2008, no. 5, pp. 88-90.

  14. Bollen M., Gu I. Signal processing of power quality disturbances. New York, Wiley, 2006, 861 p.

  15. Patrascu A., Popescu M. Comparative active current calculation by p-q and CPC theories. Annals of the University of Craiova, Electrical Engineering series, 2011, no. 35, pp. 25-30.

  16. Ismagilov F.R., Vavilov V.E. Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta, 2017, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 143-150.

  17. Bitoleanu A., Popescu M. How can the IRP p-q theory be applied for active filtering under nonsinusoidal voltage operation? Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2011, r. 87, nо. 1, pp. 67-71.

  18. Firoozian M., Mirnezhadi H., Hadadi E. Active shunt filter for harmonic mitigation in wind turbines generators. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 2013, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 489-495.

  19. Tenti P., Costabeber A., Mattavelli P. Improving Power Quality and Distribution Efficiency in Micro-Grids by Cooperative Control of Switching Power Interfaces. International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC), Sapporo (Japan), June 2010, pp. 472-479.

  20. Morales Paredes H.K., Costabeber A., Tenti P. Application of Conservative Power Theory to Cooperative Control of Distributed Compensators in Smart Grids. 10th International School on Nonsinusoidal Currents and Compensation, Lagow (Poland), June 2010, pp. 126-132. DOI: 10.1109/ISNCC.2010.5524488

  21. Klempka R. Distributed System for Power Quality Improvement. Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, 2008, vol. XIV, no. 2, pp. 53-68.

  22. Monteiro L.F.C., Afonso J.L., Pinto J.G., Watanabe E.H., Aredes M., Akagi H. Compensation algorithms based on the p-q and CPC theories for switching compensators in micro-grids. 10th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, 2009, vol. 1149, pp. 32-40. DOI: 10.1109/COBEP.2009.5347593

  23. Rajasree R., Premalatha S., Bhaskar M.A., Meenatchi V., Vidya B., Kumar S.S. A New Control Scheme for Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), 8-10 April 2011, pp. 54-58.

mai.ru — informational site of MAI

Copyright © 1994-2024 by MAI