Studying Characteristics of the Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow, Formed by the Aerodynamic Spraying System, by the Shadow Anemometry Method

Aeronautical and Space-Rocket Engineering


Аuthors

Lepeshinskii I. A.1*, I. 2**, Zotikova P. V.1***, Kucherov N. A.1****

1. Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 4, Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, А-80, GSP-3, 125993, Russia
2. Baumann Moscow State Technical University, 105005, Moscow, 2nd Baumanskaya St., b. 5, c. 1

*e-mail: igorlepesh@yandex.ru
**e-mail: ivanabatenin@gmail.com
***e-mail: chekmenevapolina024@gmail.com
****e-mail: n.kutcherov@bk.ru

Abstract

The article presents the results of the experimental study of the water droplets spray jet, formed by an aerodynamic spraying system, characteristics by the PSV (Particle Shadow Velocimetry). 
One of the urgent tasks facing the design of direct-flow combustion chambers as a part of modern power plants consists in improving the quality of mixing fuel components, which directly affects the combustion process efficiency in combustion chambers and the product performance characteristics as a whole. 
Structurally, the fuel supply to the combustion chambers can be realized either by single jets or centrifugal injectors, or by their combination, such as in the injector heads of the liquid rocket engines. One of the fuel supply systems varieties is the aerodynamic spraying system, which functioning has not been sufficiently studied and described in publications. It is this system operation that is being discussed in the presented article. 
Such systems are used in direct-flow combustion chambers, where they perform the functions of a front-end device. By analogy with carburetors in an aerodynamic spraying system, liquid is injected into the air stream passing through the internal channel of the atomizer, and is already supplied to the combustion chamber in the form of an air-droplet mixture. 
Thus, to increase the evaporation, mixing, ignition and combustion processes stability in combustion chambers, the required fineness of the fuel droplets spraying with a high total evaporation surface area should be ensured by the fuel supply elements. In addition to this, the uniformity control of the finely dispersed air-droplet mixture distribution in the the combustion chamber volume is necessary. Implementation of the above-said requirements is being achieved by the fine-tuning of both operating mode and design parameters of the fuel supply system, which forms a spray torch of the fuel droplets. 
The state-of-the-atr optical measurement methods allow determining experimentally the dispersed composition and velocity of droplets in the spray torch. Measurement methods can be roughly divided into several groups. The first group includes direct measurement methods, such as the particle shadow anemometry method PSV (Particle Shadow Velocimetry), based on processing the shadow images of the droplets; digital tracer imaging methods such as PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry), which process images of droplets illuminated by a laser knife, and methods based on the analysis of the glare on the droplets surface. The second group are indirect measurement methods based on the intensity estimation the of the light scattered by the droplets. The third group includes as usual interferometric methods such as laser Doppler anemometry, PDA (Planar Doppler Analyzer), IPI (Interferometric Particle Imaging) and holographic methods. 
The article presents the description of the experimental installation that supplies water and air with specified parameters to an aerodynamic spraying system. Distributions by the height of the sprayer of average speed and the average Sauter diameter (d32, μm) of droplets in the spray torch were obtained by the PSV method. Additionally, high-speed photography of the flare was performed for a qualitative assessment of the spraying uniformity by the aerodynamic spraying system.

Keywords:

aerodynamic spraying system, droplet spray torch, direct-flow combustion chamber, particle shadow anemometry method, PSV method, Sauter mean diameter, plain-orifice injector

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